Trichogramma a genus of ichneumon flies of the order hymenoptera that parasitize insect eggs. Pdf this project has an objective to study the biological parameters of trichogramma pretiosum on eggs of h. Here, we tested the application of one, two, or three. Moth egg parasite trichogramma wasp planet natural. Trichogrammatidae is an important natural egg parasitoids of pest insects in the agricultural.
Thus these are species that have been the most exploited for biological and integrated control of crop pests. Biological aspects of trichogramma pretiosum riley, 1879, reared on artificial host ephestia kuehniella zeller, 1879, were studied in incubators at 25c 1c. Trichoforce p trichogramma pretiosum this is the product of choice for moth control in a field, greenhouse or short crop setting. Biological characteristics and parasitism capacity of. This study aimed at evaluating the biological characteristics and the capacity of parasitism of a trichogramma pretiosum riley, 1869 hymenoptera, trichogrammatidae strain t. Trichogramma brassicae, minutum and platneri mixed all on one card trichogramma are among the smallest insects, having a wingspread of about 150th of an inch. Similar results were later reported by mcdougall and mills 1997 for this species and by bai et al. Experimental hybridization between some trichogramma spp. Biological sciences biological insect control methods biological pest control chalcidoidea food and nutrition corn health aspects biotechnology genetic engineering genetically engineered foods genetically modified crops insect pests. As little was known about the biology of this parasitoid when reared on o.
Knowledge of the genome sequence of trichogramma is a major step towards further understanding its biology and potential applications in pest control. Development time and longevity of all strains were decreased as temperature increased. Trichogramma pretiosum parasitism and dispersal capacity. Trichogrammatidae has been commercialized for the control of lepidopteran eggs 15, and has been reported in approximately 18 different hosts and in crops 16. Sexual isolation was found to be generally weak, so that. Trichogramma minutum is a moth egg parasite native to the eastern parts of the united states. Trichogramma ostriniae has been identified as a candidate for biological control of ostrinia nubilalis. The timeline of this program was described in the book edited by. Trichogramma pretiosum have been successfully used in crops such as tomatoes, sweet corn, capsicum, french beans, cut flowers, lettuce, cotton, strawberries and such tree crops as citrus and avocados. After consuming the contents of its host egg, a new adult emerges within a week. Ang trichogramma pretiosum sakop sa kahenera nga trichogramma sa kabanay nga trichogrammatidae. Because of this quick turnover, trichogramma wasps multiply rapidly given the right conditions. Biology and ecology of hungarian academy of sciences.
Comparative biology and life tables of trichogramma aurosum. Biosystematic studies on trichogramma species hymenoptera. Trichogramma pretiosum is our all purpose warm weather species, recommended for field, row and vegetable crops, as well as vineyards and selected trees. Trichogramma article about trichogramma by the free dictionary. In the process of biological control applications, several steps are involved that may. Timing the release is important if you release too early there arent enough pest eggs for the wasps to parasitize too late means that the pest eggs have hatched and you have a new problem caterpillar pests. The genetics and evolution of obligate reproductive. The biology of trichogramma pretiosum as atmospheric o2. Pdf fertility life tables were developed for both trichogramma pretiosum and trichogramma.
Reproductive biology of trichogramma pretiosum fed on transgenic bt maize pollen, conventional maize pollen, or honey solution control, considering the comparison of 4 generations of the parasitoid maintained in laboratory. Pdf fertility life table of trichogramma pretiosum and. Biopesticide properties for trichogramma pretiosum, including approvals, environmental fate, ecotoxicity and human health issues. Quality parameters based on parasitoid biology were not. Biological control with trichogramma pretiosum increases. Trichogramma pretiosum increases organic maize productivity 1177 were taken from the laboratory colony to determine the sex ratio and estimate the number of females released in the field. The adult wasp lays an egg within a recently laid host egg, and as the wasp larva develops, it eats the host embryo, causing the egg to turn black. Spodoptera frugiperda smith is the main maize pest in america and was recently detected as an invasive pest in some countries in asia and africa. Trichogramma pretiosum ideal for moth control on short. A basis for developing biological control programs for soybean caterpillars. Crossing experiments between 8 different species of trichogramma from the new world are described. She injects a single egg into the eggs of the pest. Adw doesnt cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe.
Trichogramma are essential for controlling moth species which affect agricultural plants at some point during the growing season. Before the installation of the experiments, three strains of trichogramma pretiosum were maintained for one generation, in h. Pdf biological parameters of three trichogramma pretiosum. Armyworms, borers, codling moth, cutworms, european corn borer, fruit worms, leaf worms, leaf rollers, loopers and other species. Trichogrammatidae is an important natural egg parasitoids of pest insects in the agricultural environment, being used as a form of biological control, and it may be affected by the bacillus thuringiensis bt toxin present in transgenic plants widely used in brazil.
The larvae feed on the egg and then emerge as adults. The animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Trichogramma parasitic wasps for caterpillar control. Development time of the strains differed significantly. Although several groups of egg parasitoids are commonly employed for biological control throughout the world, trichogramma spp. The genetics and evolution of obligate reproductive parasitism in trichogramma pretiosum infected with parthenogenesisinducing wolbachia j e russell 1, and r stouthamer 2 1 department of biology, university of california, riverside, riverside, ca, usa. Rearing facilities should be ventilated to maintain the quality of this. Among its natural enemies presented in mexico, trichogramma pretiosum riley is the only egg parasitoid used in integrated pest management ipm programs regardless of its effectiveness. Molecular identification of trichogramma species from regions in brazil biosystems, usa using specific thermocycling 96c10 sec53c 20 sec 60c 1 min, samples remained at 4c until they were removed for sequencing. Trichogramma wasps lay their eggs inside the pest eggs, stopping development. Biosystematic studies on trichogramma specieshymenoptera. The biology of trichogramma pretiosum as atmospheric o2 becomes. It is commonly used in orchards, in vineyards and on ornamentals for preventative control of various caterpillars and borers.
Performance of trichogramma pretiosum riley hymenoptera. The results indicated that an overall mean of 4329 t. Pdf trichogramma pretiosum parasitism and dispersal. Spodoptera frugiperda is a major pest causing maize yield loss in brazil. They are a very efficient destroyer of the eggs of more than 200 species of moths and butterflies lepidoptera which are leaf eaters in their caterpillar stage. Trichogramma platneri wasps buglogical control systems. Dec 10, 2019 morales j, vasquez c, valera n, arrieche n, arcaya e, querino r b, 2010. Trichogramma species are difficult to identify due to their minute size and generally uniform morphological features. Trichogramma pretiosum university of hertfordshire. Trichogramma wasps are tiny parasites that attack the eggs of over 200 species of moths and caterpillars. Trichogramma pretiosum is a tiny egg parasitoid that is released by the millions as a biological control agent in central and south america and to a lesser extent in north america and asia. Trichogramma minutum moth egg parasites arbico organics.
Moths are adult insects that usually feed on nectar produced by plants and honeydew produced by certain insects. Trichogramma trichogramma spp applied bionomics ltd. More than a thousand papers have been published on trichogramma species, and they are the most used biological control agents in the world. Trichogramma are light yellow, tiny flying insects, 1100 inch long. Trichogramma pretiosum riley and trichogrammatoidea bactrae nagaraja could parasitise t. Trichoforce pl trichogramma platneri or trichoforce m trichogramma minutum this is the ideal product for moth control in orchards or tall crop settings. The egg parasitoid trichogramma pretiosum riley hymenoptera. Laboratory performance predicts the success of field.
Molecular identification of trichogramma species from regions. This study evaluated the effect of modified atmospheric concentrations of o 2 and co 2 on the biology of trichogramma pretiosum riley. It is under consideration for the control of tomato pests in europe. Trichogramma wasps are very sensitive to insecticides and are best suited to those crops grown organically or under integrated pest management. For this purpose, cards with five different quantities of parasitized eggs were kept in hermetically sealed vials producing five different atmospheres as a function of different parasitoid respiration levels. New reports and distribution of trichogramma species hymenoptera. When timed appropriately, trichogramma releases can significantly reduce mothcaterpillar populations and limit pesticide use. Trichogrammatidae was evaluated in the laboratory on eggs of cydia pomonella l. After amplification, 80 l of isopropanol 75% was added to the samples and left for 15 min at room temperature. Trichogramma for moth and caterpillar control beneficial. Trichogramma pretiosum biological characteristics when the parasitoid was reared. A potential solution for organic maize is to apply the biological control agent trichogramma pretiosum to reduce s.
They are extremely small 4 or 5 will fit on the head of a pin. The female trichogramma is prolific during a lifespan that is less than two weeks. Biological parameters of three trichogramma pretiosum strains. Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya. Trichogramma pretiosum an overview sciencedirect topics. Here, we tested the application of one, two, or three releases of t. Biology of trichogramma brevicapillum researchgate. We report the 195mb genome sequence of trichogramma pretiosum and uncover signatures of miniaturization and adaptation in trichogramma and related parasitoids. Jul 01, 2017 before the installation of the experiments, three strains of trichogramma pretiosum were maintained for one generation, in h. Biological parameters of three trichogramma pretiosum. Despite its size, this parasitic wasp is an efficient destroyer of the eggs of more than 200 species of moths and butterflies which are leaf eaters in the larval stage. Description trichogramma is a minute parasitic wasp, that attacks the eggs over 150 species of moths, including cabbage looper, codling moth, oriental fruit moth, twig borers and fruitworms. There is therefore a need for control methods, notably for organic farming because classical pesticides are not allowed. Biology and parasitism of trichogramma pretiosum riley.